Valve.



W. E. OAKLEY.

VALVE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12. I914.

1,17 5, 172. Patented Mar. 14, 1916.

it zovneys To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. OAKLEY:

a citizen of the United States, residing at Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useg,

ful Improvement in Valves, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings is a specification.

The present invention relates to valves adapted for use within the cylinders of in-- ternal combustion engines, to control the intake of gasesthereto, and the exhaust of gases therefrom.

Itis an object of the present invention to provide a valve possessing the characteristics of strength and ability to resist high degrees of heat as to render its use in thev cylinders of engines of this type free from the attendant difiiculties which are common to valves now ordinarily used.

.Owing to the high temperatures prevailing in the cylinders of internal combustion engines, it has been the practiceheretofore to manufacture suchvalve's from metals or alloys of metals calculated to resist the weakening and distorting effects of heat, and consequently valves made of certain alloys of steel, such as nickel steel and tungsten steel, have largely superseded all others, owing to the superior heat resisting qualities found to be possessed by such alloys. However, even with the use of such-alloys, the

' surface pitting of the valves, due to the gasevalve adapted to obviate the above objectionable features, and to this end contemplates the manufacture of such a valve from an alloy not heretofore employed in the manufacture of internal combustion engine valves, but which, it has been discovered, possesses characteristics and properties f which render it peculiarly adaptable to such a use Suchan alloy consists of a large percentage of nickel, which metal constitutes the base thereof, a considerable percenta e of copper, and a very small percent age 0 iron, thereby differing radically from the alloys previously employed in the manuconstitutes the base.

Specification a Letters Patent Patented Mar. 14, 1916, Application filed June '12, 1914. Serial 10.844398.

I have illustratedone embodiment of'my' invention in the accompanying drawings, in-

whi 3h v Figure 1 is a vertical cross section through a portion of an internal combustion engine I cylmder, showing the application of a valve to the'exhaust portthereof. Fi 2 is a side view of 'a valve. Fig."3.is a ragmentary section through the stem of'a valve, showing a modified construction.

Like referencecharacters are used to designate like parts in the different views.

Referrin 7 cylinder of an internal combustion engine which may be of any well known type of.

to the drawings, 1 denotes thei construction, and 2 represents a puppet valve adapted-tocontrol either the inlet of f gas to, or the exhaust of gas from the cylinder 1, in the manner common to engines of this type; In the present instance, the valve cooperateswith a seat 3,. to control communication between the interior of the cylinder and an exhaust passage 4; The

raising of valve 2 from its seat, by the action of any valve operating mechanism, ordinarily employed in connection with engines of this type, permits the escape of exhaust.

gases past said seat and into the passage 4. -ato'ibe understood that theconstructionescribed is equally applicable to the,

injlet pass'a-ge'of the cylinder, the valves for construction.

The valve 2 comprises a head 5, having a 'bothnnlet'and exhaust being identical j suitably beveled seating surfaced and a J I .stem'7 integral with said head. The valve is made from an alloy, the constituents of l Such an alloy contains but a trace ofcarwhich are approximately as follows Nickel -L.-..-About 67%. I v Iron "From 1%' to 5%. Copper Remainder.

'ioo

bon; it has been foundto possessa OO'Gfli-fi.

cient of expansion under the {application of heat substantially identical: with that of the -steels ordinarily used in thejmanufacture of gas englne puppet valves, "and also with that of cast iron of which the cylinders are v usually made. This alloy is distinguished further by its ability to the destructive action of vhightemperatures, and its freedom from the gaseous 'cor'rosion-ordi narily produced in other metals by the heating of the same above a red heat. It has been found that the alloy does not scale, as

does steel, under high temperatures, but that the oxid forms a thin adherent coating. When heated to the maximum temperatures attainable in the ordinary operation of gas engines, this alloy retains approximately 80% of its elastic limit andtensile strength as compared with ap roximately 71% retained by the best hig grade steel at such temperatures. Furthermore, the virtual freedom of this alloy from any carbon content, as compared to the appreciable carbon content of all steel and irons used hereto-- fore inthe production of valves of this type, has the effect of eliminating a very potent agency in the production of a deposit of carbon on the valve, namely, the tendency of the carbon produced by combustion of the gas to unite with any carbon contained in the highly heated valve.

The stem of the valve is suitably recessed, as at8, to receive a washer or collar 9 to form a bearing for the spring 10 which maintains the valve on its seat. The end of the stem 7 is drilled to receive the spindle.

of a button 11, which may be made of case hardened and tempered steel, adapted to resist the wear occasioned by its contact with th'e'cam 12, which is employed to raise the valve against the action of the sprin 10.

In the form shown in Fig. 2, the drilled hole in the end of the stem 7 is screw threaded and the spindle of the button is screwed therein. In the form shown in Fig. 3, the spindle of the button is made slightly largerthan the holein the stem, and is shrunk therein, by raising the temperature of the end of the stem to permit insertion of the spindle. In either case the button is removable for replacement when the same nickel, twenty-eight to thirty-two per cent...

of copper, and from one to five per cent. of iron.

5. A valve for internal combustion engines made from an alloy consisting chiefly of nickel, and substantially 'free from carbon.

WILLIAM E'. OAKLEY Witnesses:

PENELOPE COMBERBACH, N ELLIE WHALEN. 

